Describe the characteristics and causes of borderline personality disorder, and discuss possible treatment approaches and their efficacy
What will be an ideal response?
Borderline personality disorder is characterized by erratic moods, unstable relationships, poor self-image, and fear of abandonment. Borderline individuals often engage in suicidal and/or self-mutilating behaviors, and have difficulty maintaining healthy relationships. Borderline personality disorder is more prevalent in families with the disorder and is more common in women. There is also a strong link to early sexual abuse among borderline individuals, but it is not clear whether there is a gene-environment interaction accounting for some of this data. People with borderline personality disorders are typically distressed about their lives and are more likely to seek treatment even than people with anxiety and mood disorders. They often respond positively to medications, including SSRIs, other antidepressants, and lithium. Dialectical behavior therapy, which involves helping people cope with the stressors that trigger suicidal behavior, may also be effective. Therapy is conducted weekly and helps patients learn to identify and regulate emotions. It also contains elements of treatments used to help people with posttraumatic stress disorder. Eventually, clients learn to trust their own response rather than depending on the validation of others. Up to 88 percent of borderline patients who undergo therapy experience remission at 10 years, which is an extremely positive outlook among the personality disorders.
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According to the discussion of gender differences in depression,
a. at all ages, females report more depressive symptoms than do males. b. in the United States, gender differences in depression rates are found in Whites, Blacks, and Latinas/os. c. the gender differences in depression are limited to North America. d. the ratios appear to be changing, so that in the current decade, men are nearly as likely as women to report depressive symptoms.
While the cause of gender identity disorder remains unclear, which of the following may have an influence?
a. Biological predispositions b. Parental reinforcement c. Psychological risk factors d. All of the above may have an influence on gender identity disorder
Dr. Zomboss plans to overtake all of humankind by shutting down the fiber tracts of their brains. To do this, Dr. Zomboss will set his brain zappers to target
A. sections of the limbic system involved in emotion. B. collections of cell bodies. C. collections of axons that travel together in bundles. D. afferent neurons that line the reflex pathways.
The separation of sensory information into its important elements is known as
a. sensory analysis. b. sensory adaptation. c. perceptual gating. d. perceptual localization.