Which client would be most likely to have decreased anxiety about, and response to, pain as a result of past experiences?
A) One who had pain but got adequate relief
B) One who had pain but did not get relief
C) One who has had chronic pain for years
D) One who has had multiple pain experiences
Ans: A
An individual's experience of pain in the past, and the qualities of that experience, profoundly affect new pain experiences. Some clients have experienced severe acute or chronic pain in the past but received immediate and adequate pain relief. These clients are generally unafraid of pain and initiate appropriate requests for assistance.
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Which of the following statements is true about cognitive impairments in older adults?
a. Loss or interruption of sleep can lead to delirium. b. Confusion is a normal and unavoidable consequence of aging. c. Older patients who are agitated often have a lower cognitive status than those who are quietly sitting. d. The Mini-Mental State Examination–2nd edition (MMSE-2) should be administered on admission to detect delirium.
For which situation should the nurse suggest the pen-type injector insulin delivery system?
A. The client who is confused and must rely on another person for insulin injections B. The client using intensive therapy who must use insulin frequently in small doses C. The client who is visually impaired and cannot accurately draw up insulin D. The client who has frequent episodes of hypoglycemia
Nurses should teach parents that the most useful action to prevent infections in infants is
a. wearing a mask whenever they have a cold or runny nose b. frequent handwashing by caregivers c. limiting the number of people who see and touch the infant d. bathing the infant frequently
A patient in the intensive care unit is at risk for developing malnutrition. In order to prevent this, which of the following physiological tests can be done to estimate this patient's caloric needs to plan for supplementation?
1. direct calorimetry 2. indirect calorimetry 3. albumin level 4. total lymphocyte count