Clinical manifestations of sodium excess (hypernatremia) include which of the following?
1. Hyperreflexia
2. Abdominal cramps
3. Cardiac dysrhythmias
4. Dry, sticky mucous membranes
4
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1. Hyperreflexia occurs with high magnesium levels.
2. Abdominal cramping may occur with high potassium levels.
3. Cardiac dysrhythmias will occur with hypercalcemia.
4. High sodium concentrations cause water loss and create dry, sticky mucous membranes.
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