This type of cipher is when a symbol, letter, or digit stands for another symbol, letter, or digit
a. transposition cipher
b. substitution cipher
c. reversal transposition
d. split combination
b
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According to Festinger (1956), the psychic tension that results from two competing thoughts or beliefs is called what?
a. Cognitive dissonance b. Psychic dissonance c. Cognitive incompatibility d. Psychic congruence
Evidence is ________ when it has a legitimate bearing on the decision of the case.
A. relevant B. material C. competent D. real
Perhaps the most important criticism of differential association concerns _____
a. intimate interactions b. methodology c. labeling d. causal order
Stephen Mastrofski and colleagues investigated the extent to which citizens comply with requests from police officers. What was a finding of this investigation?
A. Citizens complied with officer requests most of the time. B. An arrest resulted in a large majority of the failure-to-comply cases. C. Citizens often did not comply with officer requests. D. Failure to comply did not affect the officer's decision to arrest.