Which of the following is created as ions diffuse across membranes?
a. an electrical gradient
b. an electrochemical gradient
c. a chemical gradient
d. a biochemical gradient
Answer: b. an electrochemical gradient
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The differentiation of embryonic stem cells into neurons and glial cells is a consequence of which type of cell signaling?
A. juxtacrine B. paracrine C. autocrine D. endocrine E. All of these choices are correct.
Stem cells are located in _____ and give rise to ____.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
What are some of the problems associated with kidney transplants, and what are some ways the issues can be resolved?
What will be an ideal response?
The synthesis of one molecule of ATP from ADP requires ________ to be translocated across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
A) one proton B) three protons C) hundreds of protons D) 1 mole of protons