Which of the following is created as ions diffuse across membranes?

a. an electrical gradient
b. an electrochemical gradient
c. a chemical gradient
d. a biochemical gradient


Answer: b. an electrochemical gradient

Biology & Microbiology

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The differentiation of embryonic stem cells into neurons and glial cells is a consequence of which type of cell signaling?

A. juxtacrine B. paracrine C. autocrine D. endocrine E. All of these choices are correct.

Biology & Microbiology

Stem cells are located in _____ and give rise to ____.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Biology & Microbiology

What are some of the problems associated with kidney transplants, and what are some ways the issues can be resolved?

What will be an ideal response?

Biology & Microbiology

The synthesis of one molecule of ATP from ADP requires ________ to be translocated across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

A) one proton B) three protons C) hundreds of protons D) 1 mole of protons

Biology & Microbiology