____ refers to the principle that party leaders are formally elected but that strict discipline is followed
a. Democratic centralism
b. Socialist democracy
c. Party centralization
d. Party democracy
e. Proletarian democracy
a
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Why does dealing with the policy challenges of Medicare and Social Security create a prisoner’s dilemma?
a. The benefits awarded by these programs are not regulated in any way, so seniors consume a large share of the federal economy. b. The transaction costs of reaching a deal are high because there are so many actors who will want to be involved. c. Finding a focal point to start the discussions is a very real challenge and with neither side knowing where to start the conversation. d. Each side knows that they could benefit from reaching a landmark entitlement reform deal if they could just trust the other side to cooperate.
California is generally looked to by other states as the strongest leader in adopting air pollution control and water conservation laws and regulations
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
An important barrier to achieving reform in the nonprofit sector is
a. a lack of coordination and consistency in grant making, reporting requirements, and policy processes. b. a lack of knowledge and ability among leaders in philanthropy, business, and government. c. a lack of sound approaches and theories about management from which nonprofits can draw. d. a lack of attention from both the public and private sectors to what nonprofits are doing.
The level of analysis stressing on the governmental structure attempts to
a. transform authoritarian governmental structures into democratic structures. b. understand how governmental structures are formed. c. understand the opportunities and constraints placed on the decisionmaker due to the structure of the government. d. why dictatorships fall.