Compare and contrast the two types of foodborne disease
What will be an ideal response?
Foodborne diseases are also known as food poisoning. Food poisoning may be due to food infections, caused by consuming living microorganisms, or to food intoxication, caused by consuming microbial toxins in food. Many cases of foodborne diseases are common-source epidemics, where one food source is responsible for many individual cases of the disease. Food infections primarily result from improper food handling or storage, whereas food intoxication may result from improper preparation, especially canning. Heating food is usually effective in killing living microbes in food, but most toxins are not inactivated by heating.
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How are eukaryotic chromosomes replicated?
a. The linear DNA molecules are replicated from multiple origins of replication bidirectionally. b. The linear DNA molecules are replicated from one origin of replication bidirectionally. c. The circular DNA molecules are replicated from multiple origins of replication bidirectionally. d. The circular DNA molecules are replicated from one origin of replication bidirectionally. e. The linear DNA molecules are replicated from one origin of replication unidirectionally.
What are the small circles of DNA that exist within the bacterial cytoplasm in addition to the bacterial chromosome?
a. pili b. capsids c. plasmids d. chromatids e. centromeres
Why are bryophytes considered incompletely liberated from their ancestral aquatic habitat?
A) They lack lignin. B) Their sperm are flagellated. C) The gametophyte generation is dominant. D) They lack a cuticle.
A large proportion of archaeans are extremophiles, so called because they inhabit extreme environments with high acidity, salinity, and/or temperature. Such environments are thought to have been much more common on the primitive Earth
Thus, modern extremophiles survive only in places that their ancestors became adapted to long ago. Which of the following is, consequently, a valid statement about modern extremophiles, assuming that their habitats have remained relatively unchanged? A) Among themselves, they should share relatively few ancestral traits, especially those that enabled ancestral forms to adapt to extreme conditions. B) On a phylogenetic tree whose branch lengths are proportional to the amount of genetic change, the branches of the extremophiles should be shorter than the non-extremophilic archaeans. C) They should contain genes that originated in eukaryotes that are the hosts for numerous species of bacteria. D) They should currently be undergoing a high level of horizontal gene transfer with non-extremophilic archaeans.