Discuss the effect endurance exercise training has on resting, submaximal, and maximal heart rates
Endurance exercise training results in a decrease in resting heart rate and submaximal workload heart rate, but only minor differences at maximal heart rate. These differences in resting heart rates and submaximal heart rates are due to an increase in the degree of vagal control on the cells of the sinoatrial (SA) node and their intrinsic firing rate. An increased vagal control reduces the SA node cell's firing rate and decreases the HR. At rest in healthy individuals, the vagal activity has a proportionally greater influence on HR than the sympathetic activity. As the intensity of the exercise gets progressively higher, the balance between the vagal influence and the sympathetic influence on HR is reversed and the sympathetic activity becomes predominate, but with a lower submaximal heart rate in trained individual.
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