A patient is admitted to the emergency department complaining of abdominal pain. Further assessment of the abdomen reveals signs of peritoneal irritation. What are signs of peritoneal irritation? (Mark all that apply.)
A) Ascities
B) Rebound tenderness
C) Changes in bowel sounds
D) Muscular rigidity
E) Bruising
Ans: B, C, D
Feedback: Further abdominal assessment may reveal progressive abdominal distention, involuntary guarding, tenderness, pain, muscular rigidity, or rebound tenderness along with changes in bowel sounds, all of which are signs of peritoneal irritation. Bruising and ascities are not signs of peritoneal irritation.
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