A test item functions differently in one group of testtakers as compared to another group of testtakers known to have the same level of an underlying trait. This phenomenon is known as:
A. DIF item difference.
B. dysfunctional item syndrome.
C. DIF.
D. DIF item incongruity.
Answer: C
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The literature suggests that the secondary appraisal process:
a. is more alterable than the primary appraisal process. b. is a bigger predictor of outcomes in girls. c. takes into account the person’s resources in dealing with the stressor. d. all of the above.
Which statement about identity development among ethnic minority adolescents is true?
A. Ethnic minority adolescents who experience more discrimination are more likely to seek knowledge of their heritage in response. B. Ethnic minority adolescents with low ethnic pride tend to show a sharp drop in self-esteem in the face of discrimination. C. Biracial high school students tend to view their own ethnicity as more central to their identity than their monoracial agemates do. D. When family members encourage them to disprove ethnic stereotypes of low achievement, ethnic minority adolescents' ethnic pride decreases.
In the context of the potential influence of a written language on the recall ability of a culture's members, research has
A. revealed that a written language tends to decrease people's memory ability. B. not yielded a definitive conclusion as yet. C. shown that a written language tends to increase people's memory ability. D. revealed that a written language probably has little influence on people's memory ability.
Data from the MacArthur Successful Aging Study showed that ______.
A. social support increases with time B. social support decreases with time C. only young people report receiving adequate support D. the quality of social support is similar across individuals regardless of psychological or cognitive function