Lobbying is best defined as:
A. the attempts to shape public opinion through online campaigns.
B. the indirect techniques used by government officials to gain the confidence of interest groups.
C. the direct attempts by individuals or organizations to influence administrative decisions of government.
D. the peaceful demonstrations that are designed to make a statement about a group's interests.
E. the evaluation of performance of legislators based on how often they have voted with an interest group's position on particular issues.
Answer: C
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a. 5 percent b. 20 percent c. 50 percent d. 75 percent e. 95 percent
Questionable research conducted in the Wichita Jury study and by Nazi leaders in concentration camps led to the development of
a. Institutional Review Boards. b. Institutional Research Boards. c. Institutional Reactionary Boards. d. Instructional Research Boards.
Which individual was NOT one of the "Big Four" African Americans who shaped the civil rights struggle in the 1950s and 1960s?
A) Wiley Bishop B) Martin Luther King, Jr. C) Whitney Young D) Roy Wilkins
Which statement best describes the change in the relationship between the press and the president as a consequence of the Watergate scandal?
A)Journalists can reap professional rewards by exposing scandals in the executive branch, even if those scandals shake the faith of Americans in their political institutions, and thus they no longer adopt a deferential stance toward the actions of presidents. B)Investigating the executive can exact an exceedingly high toll on journalists' personal and professional lives, and thus they have adopted a deferential stance toward the actions of presidents. C)The American public has little interest in the investigation of scandals within American government, and so journalists have returned to the basic journalistic practice of reporting the facts provided by the government. D)Journalists have the ability to bring down entire presidencies, reaping personal and professional fame in the process, and thus they now focus exclusively on investigative journalism and ignore mundane and nonscandalous events.