Outline the main events of the phases of the uterine (menstrual) cycle
What will be an ideal response?
The uterine cycle, the series of cyclic changes in the endometrium that occur each month in response to fluctuating ovarian hormones, includes the following phases, regulated by the HPG axis. In the menstrual phase, the uterus sheds the stratum functionalis of the endometrium through the vagina. This phase results from rising follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and normal/low levels of estrogens and progesterone. In the proliferative phase, a new stratum functionalis grows and thickens as estrogen levels rise. Ovulation occurs in the ovary at the end of this phase. In the secretory phase, the endometrium prepares for implantation of an embryo by continuing to grow, increasing vasculature, and secreting nutrients into the uterine cavity. This phase occurs as rising progesterone levels from the corpus luteum stimulate continued growth of the endometrium and inhibit LH release. If pregnancy does not occur, the menstrual phase will follow.
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The vessel that passes through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae is the
A) external jugular vein. B) internal jugular vein. C) facial vein. D) vertebral vein. E) subclavian vein.
Erythropoietin
A. is produced by the red bone marrow. B. is secreted by the kidney. C. is found both in the plasma and inside red blood cells. D. inhibits the production of erythrocytes. E. is produced in response to increased blood pressure.
The metatarsophalangeal joints allow movement in two planes and are classified as ________ joints.
A. condylar B. hinge C. pivot D. ball and socket E. planar
Neural signaling is different from other types of long-distance signaling because
A) It involves the release of chemical signals. B) It involves the use of receptors. C) The signal is contained within a single cell as it travels the long distance. D) It relies on the blood to carry the signal from one cell to the next.