In retroviruses, there is a stop codon at the end of the reading frame for the first gene
However, in about 5% of the proteins, the stop codon is bypassed, resulting in translation of the second gene and synthesis of a fused protein representing both genes 1 and 2. How is the stop codon bypassed if the reading frames of the first and second genes are different?
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: The stop codon is bypassed by programmed frameshifting of the ribosome on a slippery sequence. The aminoacyl-tRNA paired with the codon at the P site slips and moves either +1 or -1 base in the mRNA to pair with a different codon sequence, thus bypassing the stop codon and changing the reading frame for the downstream codons.
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