Which of the following is not one of Reichel’s three irreducible elements of law?

a. Supremacy of fundamental values
b. Universal application of the fundamental values
c. Holding government to the fundamental values


b. Universal application of the fundamental values

Criminal Justice

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Most robbers carry a weapon or other threatening item or indicate to the victim that they are armed

a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

Pollen and spores can be used to provide links between a crime scene and a person or object

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

Criminal Justice

The Kansas City, Missouri, police department’s study of patrol effectiveness convinced criminologists that:?

a. The mere presence of patrol officers on the street did not have a deterrent effect.
b. Doubling the amount of patrol officers on the street had a deterrent effect.
c. The mere presence of patrol officers on the street had a deterrent effect, but only in high-crime neighborhoods.
d. Decreasing the amount of patrol officers on the street increased crime.

Criminal Justice

The American legal system is a direct descendent of:

a. Roman appellate law. c. British common law. b. British appellate law. d. Roman common law.

Criminal Justice