The patient comes to the emergency room with dry hot skin, fruity breath, and deep respirations and is complaining of abdominal pain. The nurse interprets these signs and symptoms as:
a. an insulin reaction.
b. ketoacidosis.
c. rebound hyperglycemia.
d. hypoglycemia.
B
All the signs and symptoms mentioned are characteristics of ketoacidosis. An insulin reaction may be referred to as hypoglycemia. The symptoms of hypoglycemia: tremulousness, hunger, headache, pallor, sweating, palpitations, blurred vision, and weakness. Rebound hyperglycemia, also known as the Somogyi effect, follows a period of hypoglycemia, often during sleep. When hypoglycemia occurs, the body secretes glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone, and cortisol to counteract the effects of low blood sugar. The patient may report nightmares and night sweats along with morning elevated serum glucose; if the patient increases the insulin dose, it worsens the problem.
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