Lepirudin is a drug that inhibits thrombin. It will have an effect specifically on the __________.
a) Intrinsic/contact activation pathway of coagulation
b) extrinsic/tissue factor pathway of coagulation
c) thrombolysis
d) common pathway of coagulation
Answer: d) common pathway of coagulation
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The interspinous ligament is
A) a paired ligament that connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae. B) a fibrous band that connects the posterior surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies. C) a band of fibrous tissue connecting the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae. D) a longitudinal fibrous band that is attached to the tips of spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum. E) a wide fibrous band that connect the anterior surfaces of the adjacent vertebral bodies.
A component of an important buffer in the human body is
A) HCl. B) HCO3-. C) H2O. D) NaCl. E) H+.
With regard to the action of hormones and neurotransmitters on cellular receptors, which of these describes "amplification"?
A. A single first-messenger molecule activates multiple second-messenger molecules, each of which activate thousands of enzymes. B. Only hydrophilic first-messenger molecules can activate second-messenger molecules within the cell cytosol. C. When the extracellular concentration of a chemical messenger reaches a very high level, it overwhelms transporter molecules and the chemical floods into the cell. D. Some cellular receptors have such low affinity for chemical ligands that it can require a million or more molecules to activate them.
Which molecule directly stimulates the release of aldosterone?
A. Renin B. Angiotensin I C. Sodium chloride D. Angiotensinogen E. Angiotensin II