Which patient would the nurse prioritize as needing information about lifestyle modifications to prevent cancer?
1. A 65-year-old woman whose body weight is within the normal range and who exercises twice a week, eats a variety of vegetables and fruits, eats red meat three times a week, and does not smoke
2. A 35-year-old Caucasian male who is overweight, has a family history of heart disease, and is a vegetarian
3. A 44-year-old African American woman whose mother had breast cancer at age 50 and who is overweight, smokes one or two cigarettes a week, and drinks three cups of coffee daily
4. A 47-year-old Hispanic female whose mother and father have a history of type 2 diabetes and who is overweight by 30 lbs., walks three times weekly, and is a nonsmoker
3
Rationale 1: Other than age, this patient has no strong risk factors for the development of cancer. Age cannot be modified. Exercise frequency should be increased, but other patients have a greater need for lifestyle modifications.
Rationale 2: This patient's weight may increase his risk for cancer, but there are no other strong risks. He does not have the greatest need for lifestyle modifications.
Rationale 3: The patient who needs the most education is the one with the most risk factors. This woman is overweight, has some exposure to tobacco, and has a family history of cancer; her risk is the highest among these patients.
Rationale 4: This patient is overweight but has no other significant risks.
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