Describe how a child's sense of self becomes more realistic, even negative, as they grow older.
What will be an ideal response?
As children grow older, they receive more evaluative feedback from more sources; their cognitive skills permit them to understand, interpret, and integrate feedback; and they engage in more social comparison with peers. As a result, most children develop more realistic, if more negative, views of their abilities. With each increasing school grade, academic evaluation becomes more heavily emphasized, frequent, salient, and competitive--and children's self-assessments decline as they receive more negative evaluations of their competence.
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How is the term "situated cognition approach" related to the concept of "knowledge"?
a. We use the situated cognition approach when we need to think about graded structures. b. The situated cognition approach is a central part of the parallel distributed processing approach. c. The situated cognition approach proposes that cues from our immediate environment help us to code a concept. d. The situated cognition approach helps us to distinguish between categories and concepts.
The consistency of scores across two alternative versions of a test is labeled
a. test-retest reliability. b. equivalent forms reliability. c. split-half reliability. d. interrater reliability.
Continuity is the tendency to _____
a) perceive objects, or figures, on some background. b) complete figures that are incomplete. c) perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping. d) perceive things with a continuous pattern rather than with a complex, broken-up pattern.
Which type of child maltreatment includes exposing the child to indecent acts?
A) physical abuse B) neglect C) sexual abuse D) psychological abuse