Briefly describe the "neurotrophic" theory of mood disorders
What will be an ideal response?
The general premise of this model is that exposure to chronic early life stress (e.g., abuse, neglect, parental loss) instigates a cascade of hormonal changes (e.g., release of glucocorticoids [stress hormones]) that then decrease the levels of chemicals (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF]) necessary for neurogenesis and neuronal growth and development. Eventually, this leads to the neuronal atrophy and cell loss in brain areas critical to mood (e.g., prefrontal cortex, hippocampus), which then result in the symptoms of depression.
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Time out is a procedure that:
A. uses positive punishment B. gives an unpleasant consequence to the child for inappropriate behavior C. removes a child from a situation where they might receive reinforcement for their noncompliance D. has been shown to be ineffective in reducing temper tantrums
Recent research suggests what biological predisposition to pedophilic disorder?
a. low levels of testosterone and high levels of estrogen b. anomalies in the limbic system c. deficits in brain activation and less white matter in the brain d. deficits in brain activation and less white matter in the brain
When Jerry leaves the room, his daughter Jasmine cries hysterically. When Jerry returns a short time later, Jasmine immediately goes to him, but when he picks her up, she doesn't respond to him in any way
Jasmine's behaviors may indicate which of the following types of insecure attachment? A) Disorganized B) Ambivalent C) Passive-aggressive D) Avoidant
In the 18th century, society began to turn toward ______ to explain natural phenomena and
human behavior. a. demonology c. inner enlightenment b. reason and science d. spiritualism