To begin the "war on drugs," Congress in 1987 imposed stiff ________________ sentences for federal drug violations, laws that many states copied.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).


mandatory minimum

Criminal Justice

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A _________ opinion represents the appellate court as a whole

Fill in the blank(s) with the correct word.

Criminal Justice

The idea that children should be treated differently from adults originated in the common law court of _______

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Criminal Justice

Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)

1. For a confession to be admissible under Islamic law, it can be vague regarding the act but must at least be voluntary. 2. In formal Chinese criminal procedure, the three stages of the criminal process (investigation, charging, adjudication) operate as a unified and connected unit. 3. Judicial review refers to the power of a court to find any law to be unconstitutional and unenforceable. 4. Under the diffuse model of judicial review, determining issues of constitutionality of laws is restricted to a specific state agency.

Criminal Justice

Management under fear of discipline is __________.

A. a new trend in management B. negative reinforcement C. only reserved for troublesome employees D. never acceptable

Criminal Justice