During which of the following phases of cellular respiration does substrate-level phosphorylation take place?
A) the citric acid cycle
B) glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
C) "grooming" of pyruvate
D) oxidative phosphorylation
E) glycolysis
Answer: B) glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
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The field of epigenetics has opened the way for the development of a new class of anticancer drugs ____
a. that are very similar to many chemotherapy treatments but are much more targeted and effective b. that stop mutations before they occur in individuals with a predisposition to certain kinds of cancer c. that increase the level of methylation in cancer cells d. used specifically to treat breast cancer because the key genes involved in this cancer cannot be epigenetically modified e. because of the discovery that epigenetic modification of key genes is important in some cancers and the fact that epigenetic changes are reversible
A neomorphic mutation could result in an allele that
A) produces no gene product. B) produces a nonfunctional gene product. C) produces a novel protein that gives rise to a new phenotype. D) produces mutant protein subunits that aggregate with wild-type subunits, inactivating them. E) produces an altered protein that functions more efficiently than the wild-type protein does.
Which type of active transport is illustrated here?
1.Antiport
2.H+ pumped against its gradient
3.Symport
4.Uptake of cations
With almost no exceptions, the nitrogen fixers are
A. beans. B. green plants. C. insects. D. mammals. E. prokaryotes.