When the skin is exposed to warm or hot temperatures, which of the following occurs? (Select all that apply.)

a. Vasodilatation
b. Vasoconstriction
c. Perspiration
d. Piloerection


A, C
Systemically, when the skin is exposed to warm or hot temperatures, vasodilatation and perspiration occur to promote heat loss. As perspiration evaporates from the skin, cooling occurs. In cryotherapy, when the skin is exposed to cool or cold temperatures, the systemic response includes vasoconstriction and piloerection to conserve heat. Shivering occurs in response to cooler temperatures, producing heat through skeletal muscle contraction.

Nursing

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