During the preoperational period, children's thinking
a. is limited to understanding the world in terms of their perceptions and actions.
b. shows true cognitive operations.
c. is characterized by mental representations of objects and events.
d. is characterized by the rules of logic.
C
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The three main risk factors identified with personality disorders are
a. underconfidence, overexposure to failure, and stress. b. child abuse, low self-esteem, and comorbidity. c. child maltreatment, poor interpersonal skills, and emotional dysregulation. d. polarized/absolute thinking, personal disgust, and apathy.
An important feature of cognitive science is that it emphasizes
a. individual differences in cognition. b. an interdisciplinary approach. c. that all mental processes should be explained in biological terms. d. that researchers should focus on personality characteristics.
Which of the following is NOT true of the etiology of dissociative identity disorder?
a. Some theorists believe people use a false diagnosis of DID to excuse their personal failings. b. Many clinicians are convinced that DID is an authentic disorder. c. Scientific interest to solve this question has increased since the mid-1990s due to public interest. d. DID may be rooted in severe emotional childhood trauma.
If Wanda makes an educated, precisely worded guess about the behavior of her friends in a specific situation, she is making a:
a. theory c. principle b. hypothesis d. manipulation of variables