Urinalysis is one of the basic fundamental diagnostic tests used in the practice of medicine. Discuss the information that urinalysis provides about the health of an animal
What will be an ideal response?
Urinalysis can provide information on hydration status, infection status, and kidney status. Chemical properties of urinalysis include the following:
pH: This determines how acidic or basic the urine is and can vary with diet and acid-base balance.
Protein: Dipstick protein determination is more sensitive to albumin than globulin and may indicate kidney disease.
Glucose: Glucose is not normally present in urine and indicates diabetes mellitus.
Ketones: Ketones accumulate in diabetic ketoacidosis, starvation, persistent fever, persistent hypoglycemia, and dietary problems.
Blood: Blood is not normally present in urine and indicates urinary tract or kidney disease.
Bilirubin: Bilirubin may be found in urine with cases of hemolysis, liver disease, fever, and starvation red blood cells: These are occasionally found in normal urine; large numbers are abnormal.
White blood cells: Occasional WBCs are normal; large numbers indicate infection.
Epithelial cells: These cells may be seen on the sediment and are of little diagnostic value.
Casts: Casts in the sediment indicate kidney disease (occasional hyaline and granular casts are normal).
Bacteria: Bacteria may be seen microscopi-cally but are abnormal in large numbers.
Crystals: Some types of crystals are normal in animals; large numbers may indicate disease or dietary problems.
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