List and briefly describe the types of reference groups and discuss how these groups influence the consumer decision-making process.
What will be an ideal response?
Reference groups can be divided into two categories: DIRECT and INDIRECT. Direct reference groups involve face-to-face membership groups that directly touch the life of the person. Indirect groups are nonmembership groups.
Direct groups have two subcategories: PRIMARY and SECONDARY reference groups. Primary membership groups include all groups with which the student would interact regularly in an informal, face-to-face manner, such as family, friends, and fellow students or employees. Interaction with secondary membership groups is less consistent and more formal. These might include clubs, fraternities/sororities, religious groups, or professional groups.
Indirect groups have two subcategories: ASPIRATIONAL and NONASPIRATIONAL. Aspirational groups are those of which the student is currently not a member but would like to be. These might include fraternities, sororities, campus groups, or other clubs that the student wishes to join. Nonaspirational groups are those from which the student wishes to maintain a distance. These might include competing fraternities or sororities, failing students, or unsuccessful workers.
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In 2005, representatives from several wine regions in the United States and the EU signed a Joint Declaration to Protect Wine Place & Origin. In addition, a Wine Accord signed by the United States and EU bans the:
A) use of alcohol in public places. B) purchase of wine from country of origin. C) misuse of place names by marketers of wine products that do not originate in those places. D) misuse of labels which does not include the origin of ingredients. E) use of word "champagne" on wine made in the United States.
_______________ technology is the combination of processes, knowledge, and techniques that creates product or service value for an organization.
What will be an ideal response?
The requirement that an employee not come to work for a set time period, during which the employee is not paid, is referred to as a
A. demotion. B. suspension. C. dismissal. D. termination.
The largest group of new business owners is ________.
A. retired men B. Hispanics C. women D. Asians