While palpating the chest of a patient who repeats the words "ninety-nine," you note an area of increased tactile fremitus over the left lower lobe. Which of the following could explain this finding?
1. Pneumothorax
2. Emphysema
3. Pneumonia
4. Pleural effusions
a. 2 only
b. 1 and 4 only
c. 1, 2, and 4
d. 3 only
ANS: D
Tactile fremitus is increased when the lung becomes consolidated as with pneumonia because sound vibrations travel better through a more solid medium.
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