Identify and discuss the various methods used to standardize data so that useful comparisons can be made between unequal populations.
What will be an ideal response?
? Rates, proportions, percentages, and ratios are meaningful ways of standardizing data so that useful comparisons can be made between unequal populations.
? A rate expresses the number of cases of the criterion variable per unit of population, for example, per 1,000.
? Proportions express the number of cases of the criterion variable as part of the total population.
? Percentages are calculated by dividing a frequency by the total N and multiplying the result by 100. Percentages can be calculated quite easily from proportions.
? A ratio simply compares the number of cases in one category with the number in another.
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