How is the reading frame established during translation?
a. by pairing initiator tRNA with the start codon
b. by the first base in the mRNA molecule
c. by the first tRNA to bind a codon at the A site
d. by removal of the cap from mRNA
Ans: a. by pairing initiator tRNA with the start codon
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Consider the metabolism of a chlorophyll-based phototroph. In oxidative phosphorylation during cell respiration, the source of energy is ________ whereas in photophosphorylation the source of energy is ________.
A. ATP; light B. highly reduced organic compounds; light C. NADH; NADPH D. electron transport chain; chlorophyll
Substrate-level phosphorylation transfers phosphate groups directly from ____ to ADP
a. a substrate b. coenzymes c. the electron transfer chain d. ATP e. the Krebs cycle
Which of the following genotypes would not usually be represented in a gamete?
A) AA B) AB C) Ab D) aB E) ab
Fish breathe using ________ while amphibians and reptiles breathe using ________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).