Which statement best describes the long-term effects of large-scale early intervention programs such as Project Head Start?
A. Gains in IQ and academic achievement carry through middle school, high school, and college.
B. Gains in IQ and academic achievement carry through elementary school but steeply decline as a child enters middle school.
C. Gains in IQ and academic achievement are short-lived and generally fade within 2 to 3 years after entering school.
D. There have been no studies conducted on the long-term effects of early intervention programs such as Project Head Start.
Answer: C
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The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD), as well as DSM-5, use the term ________ for what was previously called "mental retardation."
a. intellectually challenged b. savantism c. intellectual disability d. learning disability
If an observer looks on as a model's behavior is reinforced, we speak of _______
a. vicarious reinforcement b. model reinforcement c. observer reinforcement d. imitation
According to Erikson's theory of the human life cycle, the predominant developmental issue in infancy is
a. autonomy vs. shame and doubt b. initiative vs. guilt c. basic trust vs. mistrust d. intimacy vs. isolation e. identity vs. role confusion
________, who was one of the earliest psychologists to champion women's issues, suggested that personality develops in the context of social relationships and depends particularly on the relationship between parents and child and how well the child's needs are met.
A. Mary Calkins B. Bertha Pappenheim C. Karen Horney D. Anna Freud