Stereotypes help us understand why people behave as they do, and they can help guide our behavior. However, they
a. are always negative.
b. are sometimes applied in ways that underestimate the potential of the person we are observing.
c. are resistant to change.
d. always overestimate the abilities of older persons.
ANSWER: b
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__________ refers to the fact that members of some minority groups are more likely to be exposed to harmful substances in the environment
A) Environmental racism B) Environmental sexism C) Toxic waste D) Toxic ableism
When a researcher has obtained a particular sample mean from a study, he or she compares it to:
A) the parameters of the known population distribution B) an estimated distribution figured based on earlier research findings C) the distribution of means of all the possible samples in the experimental condition from the research D) the distribution of means that would arise if the null hypothesis were true
Which of the following statements best summarizes the utility of sociological theories?
a. Social theories, while interesting, have very little predictive power. b. Sociological theories are unlike theories from other disciplines such as economics because sociological theories often present competing interpretations of events. c. There is no single sociological theory that can explain all the complexities of human social life and social change. d. Sociological theories are rarely used once data have been collected.
Under NCLB, each state was permitted to set its own proficiency benchmarks to be determined by standardized tests. According to the 2007 report "The Proficiency Illusion," improvements in the passing rates on states can be largely explained by __________.
A. improved teaching at schools in danger of failing B. setting a lower bar on the 8th grade test C. true growth in student learning D. declines in the difficulty of those tests