Describe the circumstances under which a corporation, its directors, or its officers might face criminal liability
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At one time, it was thought that a corporation could not incur criminal liability because, although a corporation is a legal person, it can act only through its agents (corporate directors, officers, and employees). Therefore, the corporate entity itself could not "intend" to commit a crime. Under modern criminal law, however, a corporation may be held liable for crimes committed by its agents and employees within the course and scope of their employment. Corporations cannot be imprisoned, but they can be fined or denied certain legal privileges.
Corporate directors and officers are personally liable for the crimes they commit, regardless of whether the crimes were committed for their personal benefit or on the corporation's behalf. Additionally, corporate directors and officers may be held liable for the actions of employees under their supervision. Under what has become known as the responsible corporate officer doctrine, a court may impose criminal liability on a corporate officer regardless of whether he participated in, directed, or even knew about a given criminal violation.
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A. Self-help B. Specific performance C. Civil action for damages D. Criminal indictment
Which of the following is NOT an example of a form of preemption?
A) Congress expressly states that it intends to preempt state regulation. B) A state law is inconsistent with federal laws, even though no express preemption statement has been made by Congress. C) A state law regulates a subject that belongs exclusively to the federal government. D) Congress has enacted a legislative scheme that comprehensively regulates a field.
If the value of a plaintiff's name is used for a defendant's financial gain, the plaintiff can sue for ____________________, while if a defendant uses binoculars to monitor a plaintiff's activities inside the home, the plaintiff can sue for _________________________. If a defendant publishes an article about the plaintiff that makes that plaintiff appear ridiculous, the plaintiff has a potential claim for ____________________, while if a defendant publicizes intimate details of the plaintiff's life, the plaintiff may have a claim for ______________________________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).