Choose the items that are common to both pain and anxiety. (Select all that apply.)
a. Cyclical exacerbation of one another
b. Require good nursing assessment for proper treatment
c. Response only to real phenomena
d. Subjective in nature
A, B, D
Both pain and anxiety are subjective in nature. One can exacerbate the other in a vicious cycle that often requires good nursing assessment in order to manage the precipitating problem and break the cycle. Anxiety is a response to a real or perceived fear. Pain is a response to real or "phantom" phenomenon but always involves transmission of nerve impulses. Both relate to the patient's perceptions of pain and fear. Anxiety is a response to real or perceived fear, and pain is a response to a real or "phantom" phenomenon.
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