Outline the three stages involved in the transcription of a DNA molecule
What will be an ideal response?
In the first stage of transcription, initiation, RNA polymerase and several regulatory proteins bind to a specific nucleotide sequence called a promoter that marks the beginning of a gene. In the second stage, elongation, the strands of DNA unwind further, and RNA polymerase reads the nucleotide sequence of the template strand. As it moves along, it inserts and links together complementary RNA nucleotides to form a pre-mRNA molecule. In the third and final stage, termination, RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template, and eventually reaches the end of the gene, marked by nucleotides called a termination sequence. There, RNA polymerase falls off the DNA template strand, the pre-mRNA molecule is released, and the DNA strands re-form a double helix.
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Reabsorption of water in the hindgut of insects is controlled by which of the following?
A) osmotic gradients created by ion pumps B) selective absorptive processes that take place in the Malpighian tubules C) ion concentration of hemolymph D) osmoregulators in the rectal gland
Of all of the ions associated with generating the resting membrane potential, the permeability of the membrane to ________ is the most important.
A) sodium ions B) potassium ions C) chloride ions D) all of the above E) none of the above
How does the location of the yolk in an egg influence its development?
What will be an ideal response?
You are worried about your friend Mary, a type 1 diabetic. She is nauseated, short of breath, tired, and confused. She says not to worry because she just has a case of the flu
What diagnostic test should you urge her to perform to make sure that there is nothing more serious going on? A) blood bilirubin B) urinary ketones C) blood pressure D) stress test for the heart