A researcher wants to know whether writing an essay on a controversial topic will have an effect on the attitudes held by people. First, she administers an attitude survey that covers a number of topics, including electronic voting machines. She then randomly assigns subjects to write an essay either supporting or opposing electronic voting machines. One week later, she administers the same attitude survey and compares those responses to the responses from the first time the survey was administered. In this experiment, the independent variable (IV) is the ________.
a) attitude survey
b) essay
c) controversial topic
d) students' attitudes
b
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Addington v. Texas was a Supreme Court ruling on civil commitment. It changed the standard of proof such that ____
a. the judge or jury had to be 51 percent certain of the evidence to decide in favor of commitment b. the standard was set at a lower level of certainty than in criminal cases c. commitment could occur only if there was evidence "beyond a reasonable doubt" d. the judge or jury had to be 90 percent certain of the evidence to decide in favor of commitment
Which area of the brain is rich in endorphin receptors and the primary target for opioid painkillers?
A. Forebrain B. Periaqueductal gray C. Basal ganglia D. Amygdala
To cross the synapse between two cells, a __________ is released from the first cell (pre-synapse) to activate or inhibit the second cell (post-synapse).
A. neurotransmitter B. protein C. kinesin D. mitochondrion
Beliefs about the importance of love as a basis for marriage have been associated with
a. divorce rates b. individualism and collectivism c. economic standards of living d. all of the above