To reduce jet lag in a patient traveling from the United States to Europe, what recommendation should the nurse make?
A) Spend time outside during daylight at the destination.
B) Take melatonin in the morning until adjusted to time.
C) Drink caffeinated coffee in the early evening to overcome tiredness.
D) Take a long-acting hypnotic at bedtime.
A) Spend time outside during daylight at the destination.
Explanation: A) Because exposure to sunlight is the strongest zeitgeber (environmental cue), it is advisable to spend time outside during daylight at the destination to reduce jet lag. Taking melatonin or a melatonin agonist, such as ramelteon (Rozerem), about 5-30 minutes before going to bed at the destination can help, as can using a short-acting hypnotic, such as zolpidem (Ambien) or zaleplon (Sonata). Stimulants such as caffeine, modafinil (Provigil), or armodafinil (Nuvigil) may help during the day. Taking a stimulant close to bedtime may, however, adversely affect sleep at night.
B) Because exposure to sunlight is the strongest zeitgeber (environmental cue), it is advisable to spend time outside during daylight at the destination to reduce jet lag. Taking melatonin or a melatonin agonist, such as ramelteon (Rozerem), about 5-30 minutes before going to bed at the destination can help, as can using a short-acting hypnotic, such as zolpidem (Ambien) or zaleplon (Sonata). Stimulants such as caffeine, modafinil (Provigil), or armodafinil (Nuvigil) may help during the day. Taking a stimulant close to bedtime may, however, adversely affect sleep at night.
C) Because exposure to sunlight is the strongest zeitgeber (environmental cue), it is advisable to spend time outside during daylight at the destination to reduce jet lag. Taking melatonin or a melatonin agonist, such as ramelteon (Rozerem), about 5-30 minutes before going to bed at the destination can help, as can using a short-acting hypnotic, such as zolpidem (Ambien) or zaleplon (Sonata). Stimulants such as caffeine, modafinil (Provigil), or armodafinil (Nuvigil) may help during the day. Taking a stimulant close to bedtime may, however, adversely affect sleep at night.
D) Because exposure to sunlight is the strongest zeitgeber (environmental cue), it is advisable to spend time outside during daylight at the destination to reduce jet lag. Taking melatonin or a melatonin agonist, such as ramelteon (Rozerem), about 5-30 minutes before going to bed at the destination can help, as can using a short-acting hypnotic, such as zolpidem (Ambien) or zaleplon (Sonata). Stimulants such as caffeine, modafinil (Provigil), or armodafinil (Nuvigil) may help during the day. Taking a stimulant close to bedtime may, however, adversely affect sleep at night.
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