The main distinction of the information-processing approach compared to Piaget's cognitive constructivist theory is that information processing approach views cognitive change as _____, whereas Piaget viewed it as _____
a. discontinuous; continuous
b. continuous; discontinuous
c. stage-like; discontinuous
d. continually changing; continuous
Answer: B
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a. the Barnum effect. b. astrologer's dilemma. c. the confirmation bias. d. uncritical acceptance.
Programmed instruction and computer-assisted instruction (CAI)
a. combine response chaining with secondary reinforcement. b. are both applications of the principle of feedback. c. are both applications of classical conditioning. d. are based on simple cognitive maps.
According to existential therapy, choosing the present, or status quo, ultimately results in feelings of ________, while choosing the future results in __________
a. security; anxiety b. security; satisfaction c. guilt; satisfaction d. guilt; anxiety
Contemporary memory researchers would be most likely to agree that childhood amnesia ________
a. occurs because the prefrontal cortex and other key brain structures aren't developed yet. b. occurs when the ego represses experiences until the superego forms at ages 3–6. c. is due to the processing of so much new information that retroactive interference occurs. d. occurs because infants don't access memories infrequently and decay occurs.