Observation can be completed:
a. by an examiner.
b. by the client.
c. by a professional (e.g., teacher or counselor).
d. by someone close to the client (e.g., parent).
e. All of these can complete observation.
ANSWER: e
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Validation therapy is used to indicate that the client
a. has valid concerns. b. is lucid and in touch with reality. c. affirms what s/he is saying even though it may have little basis in reality. d. is about to become violent.
Privileged communication statutes
a. ensure that counselors will never have to repeat information clients tell them in a counseling session. b. protect clients from having confidential communications with their counselors disclosed in a court of law without their permission. c. protect the privacy of counselors. d. make it a crime for counselors to reveal confidential communications with their clients unless their clients give them written permission to disclose the information. e. state that counselors will lose their licenses if they reveal confidential information clients tell them in counseling sessions.
Your text describes a study (Castellanos et al., 2002) in which MRI was used to scan the brains of children with and without ADHD. Which of the following was true of this study?
a. It was a functional MRI study. b. The authors compared the volumes of the motor cortices in the two groups. c. The authors found that children with ADHD showed a reduction in frontal cortex volume compared to children without ADHD. d. Researchers found no differences in the size of brain regions between the groups, lending more support for an environmental theory of the disorder.
The formation of ___________ during alcohol biotransformation are thought to contribute to the destruction of liver tissue in chronic drinkers which leads to cirrhosis.
a. free radicals b. neurotoxins c. glutathione d. c-reactive proteins