A client is having difficulty with feelings of self-loathing and disgust after being attacked and raped. According to Maslow's human needs theory, at which level should the nurse recognize that the client is struggling?

1. Physiological
2. Safety and security
3. Love and belonging
4. Self-esteem


Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: Physiological needs include air, food, water, rest, and sleep.
Rationale 2: Safety and security needs are those things, both psychological and physiological, that help the person feel safe.
Rationale 3: Love and belonging needs include giving and receiving affection, attaining a place in a group, and maintaining the feeling of belonging.
Rationale 4: Self-esteem and esteem from others includes feelings of independence, competence, self-respect, recognition, respect, and appreciation. Self-hatred and disgust is opposite of what one would expect in the self-esteem level of Maslow's model.

Nursing

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