Reasons for the shift in oropharyngeal flora in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation with endotracheal tubes include which of the following?
a. Lowered pH levels
b. Increase in mucus-producing cells
c. Decreased production of proteases
d. Decreased mucosal immunoglobulin A
ANS: D
The shift in flora is most likely due to a number of factors that compromise host defense mecha-nisms. These include comorbidities, malnutrition, reduced levels of mucosal immunoglobulin A, increased production of proteases, exposed and denuded mucous membranes, elevated airway pH, and an increased number of airway receptors for bacteria as a result of acute illness and pre-vious antimicrobial use.
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__________ ,or amulets, are thought to provide guidance to an individual's spirit and protection from evil
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Percent coefficient of variation is calculated using which of the following formulas?
A) Standard deviation divided by the arithmetic mean times 100 B) Variance divided by the arithmetic mean times 100 C) Arithmetic mean divided by the standard deviation times 100 D) Arithmetic mean divided the standard deviation squared times 100
HIPAA regulates all of the following, EXCEPT
A) portability B) coverage on a family plan until 26 years old C) access D) mandated benefits
In a family numbering system, each family member is given a two-digit modifier that serves as a prefix (or suffix) to the household patient number
Indicate whether the statement is true or false