List and describe three virulence factors associated with bacteria that cause gastroenteritis
What will be an ideal response?
Bacteria capable of causing gastroenteritis have a variety of virulence factors that allow them to cause disease: (1 ) Several types of exotoxins can cause many of the major symptoms of bacterial gastroenteritis. These include cholera toxin, which produces "rice-water" stools, enterotoxins of Escherichia coli that act in a manner similar to cholera toxin, and the more destructive Shiga toxin of Shigella and the Shiga-like toxin of Escherichia coli O157:H7. (2 ) Both Salmonella and Shigella have the ability to grow inside host cells, thereby evading the immune system. (3 ) Salmonella, Shigella, and E.coli O157:H7 possess a type III secretion system that enables it to introduce toxins directly into host cells. (4 ) Many pathogens such as Campylobacter possess adhesins that allow them to adhere to cells lining the gastrointestinal tract. (5 ) Most of the bacteria producing gastroenteritis are Gram-negative; therefore, they have endotoxin molecules in their cell walls that can serve as virulence factors.
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Section: Bacterial Diseases of the Digestive System
Learning Outcome: 23.10
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