The perinatal nurse teaches the student nurse that deep breathing exercises following cesarean birth are critical to the prevention of what complications? (Select all that apply.)
A. Abdominal distension
B. Atelectasis
C. Increased tidal volume
D. Pneumonia
E. Pulmonary embolism
ANS: B, D
Incisional pain and abdominal distension often cause patients to adopt shallow breathing patterns that can lead to decreased gas exchange and a reduced tidal volume. To facilitate adequate lung functions, patients should be taught how to perform pulmonary exercises. Expectoration of secretions and deep breathing help prevent common complications, including atelectasis and pneumonia. Abdominal distension and gas pains are common after abdominal surgery and result from delayed peristalsis. Coughing and deep breathing won't prevent pulmonary embolism.
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The nurse is assessing a client admitted to the hospital for congestive heart failure (CHF) and notes 1+ pitting edema of the left arm, as well as bilateral 1+ pitting edema in the client's ankles
The client's history indicates that the client has had a myocardial infarction and a left mastectomy. Which is the most probable cause of the edema in the client's left arm? 1. Impaired lymphatic drainage. 2. Noncompliance with medication regimen. 3. Right-sided heart failure. 4. Excessive intake of sodium.
A student asks the pathophysiology instructor what causes ascites. What would the instructor tell the student is involved in the physiologic process that causes ascites? (Mark all that apply.)
A) Sodium and water retention B) A damaged liver C) Insufficient renal flow D) Increased lymphatic flow E) Decreased synthesis of immunoglobulin G
During a conversation with the nurse, the client comments that he rarely goes outside when the sun is shining because he is afraid of developing skin cancer. This would predispose the client for developing:
1. Vitamin D deficiency. 2. Hypercholesterolemia. 3. Hypokalemia. 4. Hypernatremia.
How long should patients generally continue antidepressant medications?
1. Until their symptoms have resolved 2. Until side effects develop 3. For 6-12 months after symptoms have resolved 4. For 1 month after symptoms have improved