INSTRUCTIONS: The following problems relate to identifying and evaluating inductive and deductive arguments. Select the best answer for each. After smoking only a few cigarettes per day, Krista became addicted within two months. The same thing happened to Dave, Jean, and Marty. Therefore, since Dennis has been smoking a few cigarettes per day for the past two months, he's probably addicted, too
A) Deductive, invalid.
B) Deductive, valid.
C) Inductive, weak.
D) Inductive, cogent.
E) Inductive, strong.
E
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Which of the following is probably an expression of the influence of the Availability Heuristic?
(a) "Brandon is a huge fan of the San Francisco Giants. If he sees anything at all with the SF Giant's logo on it, a shirt, a coffee cup, a banner, you know Brandon is going to want to buy it." (b) "There is always another way to tweak the artwork this way or that. But we have to get the marketing materials to the conference soon. So I say that the design is good to go." (c) "I never get a flu shot. When I was a kid I had a terrible infection and the doctor gave me a hypo of penicillin right in the butt. Wow did that hurt!" (d) "This year two of the people in our office died. One was hit by a drunk driver last summer when he was out biking, and the other had a fatal heart attack while shoveling snow. We all worked in the same office, reported to the same boss, and both of them were about my age. Makes me not want to do anything that is physically exerting." (e) "The prosecuting attorney pointed at the accused and said, ‘For a man like him, raised in his religious culture, it is a huge dishonor if a wife is not totally subservient to her husband. That is how we know that the defendant is guilty of murder. I say that he is the one who beat his wife to death. His motive was that he thought she had somehow dishonored him."
Which inductive generalization is stronger?
a. In a recent survey of 500 people at the Spring Valley mall, the vast majority declared that a college education was a valuable aid to having a good life. Therefore, most Spring Valley residents think that having a college education will help them have a good life. b. In a recent survey of 25 people at the Spring Valley mall, the vast majority declared that a college education was a valuable aid to having a good life. Therefore, most Spring Valley residents think that having a college education will help them have a good life.
According to Van Camp, Olen, and Barry, cloning is a rarity in nature
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
The utility principle states that
a. the only thing good in itself is some type of state (e.g. pleasure, happiness, welfare). b. the rightness or wrongness of an act is determined by its consequences. c. an action has utility if it is intrinsically right independent of its consequences. d. the wrong actions are sometimes those that have the best consequences.