Which of the following statements does not reflect labeling theory?

a. Labeling theory identifies the role played by social agents in crime causation
b. Labeling theory recognizes that criminality is a disease or a pathological behavior.
c. Labeling theory distinguishes between criminal acts and criminal careers.
d. Labeling theory focuses attention on the social interactions and reactions that shape individuals and their behavior.


b

Criminal Justice

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The "Twinkie defense" brought national attention to the view that biochemical conditions can influence antisocial behavior.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

Criminal Justice

The story of Hamas is tied to Yasser Arafat

a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

The "win" for an investigator who testifies is to have established credibility

a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

The primary motivation of the average hacker is financial profit

a. True b. False

Criminal Justice