What are the differences between face, content, and criterion validity? How does each form of validity add to a measure’s overall measurement validity?

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Ans: Face validity means that a researcher or a group of researchers have decided to classify the measurement instrument or tool as an accurate measure of the construct in question. Therefore, rather than questioning or testing the measurement tool used to collect data, the researcher subjectively considers it an accurate form of measurement and interprets the results or follows up with some other questions. Content validity refers to the extent or level that a measurement tool captures all the aspects of the construct that is being tested or measured. This helps us to ensure that our measure truly includes all the aspects that make up intelligence, or mathematics, and so on. Criterion validity refers to those cases when we are not satisfied with the way the construct has been measured. The measurement tool may have some flaws or it does not apply to our specific population so we decide to create a new measurement for a construct that has already been measured. Each type of validity is used in varying circumstances, all with the aim to ensuring that whatever is done during the measurement process the study remains valid and the findings will be acceptable.