A newly admitted patient with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse what caused her diabetes. The nurse is explaining to the patient the etiology of type 1 diabetes. Which of the following explanations is appropriate?
A) "The tissues in the body are resistant to the action of insulin, making insulin less effective in the body."
B) "The formation of an acidic substance when the liver breaks down fatty acids because of the lack of insulin in the body."
C) "The secretion of placental hormones causes the body to be resistant to insulin."
D) "Destruction of special cells in the pancreas causes a decrease in insulin production and the level of glucose (sugar) in the bloodstream increases because the body lacks insulin to break down the glucose."
Ans: D
Feedback: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells resulting in decreased insulin production, unchecked glucose production by the liver, and fasting hyperglycemia. Also, glucose derived from food cannot be stored in the liver and remains circulating in the blood and leads to postprandial hyperglycemia. Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Gestational diabetes is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with its onset during pregnancy and is caused by the secretion of placental hormones. Ketosis is the formation of a highly acidic substance when the liver breaks down free fatty acids in the absence of insulin.
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