Identify and describe the three characteristics that determine the deterrent effectiveness of a punishment. Also, identify which of the characteristics, if any, hold more importance than the others
What will be an ideal response?
Answer:
• Certainty—probability that this misdeed will be detected and punished
• Celerity—the swiftness with which punishment follows the criminal deed
• Severity—the painfulness or unpleasantness of the punishing outcome
• To achieve maximum deterrence, a punishment needs to be unpleasant, certain, and swift
• Maximizing certainty and swiftness is more important for deterrence than severity
• Prioritizing severity may result in irrational brutality and have counterproductive effects on crime, inviting defiance, revenge, and even martyrdom
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In which of the following diversion programs does an offender repay his or her victim, either directly or symbolically through community service?
A. Probation B. Treatment and aid C. Judicial waiver D. Restitution
All of the following were identified as benefits of prison nursery programs EXCEPT for _____.
A. they help the mother and the children connect B. they can lead to reduced recidivism rates C. implementation is costly D. they help end the cycle of incarceration
The notation indicates which method will be implemented first:
a. Both will be implemented at the same time b. Qualitative will be implemented first c. Quantitative will be implemented first d. It cannot be determined
Which of the following conditions does not justify operating a motor vehicle on an improved shoulder of the roadway?
a. under normal conditions, the operator wishes to use the improved shoulder as a clearly marked lane of traffic. b. To accelerate prior to entering the main-traveled lane of traffic c. To decelerate prior to making a right turn d. To overtake and pass another vehicle that is slowing or stopped on the main-traveled portion of the highways, that is disabled or that is preparing to make a left turn e. None of above