List the four methods of evaluating validity in research. Be sure to define and give an example of each.
What will be an ideal response?
Face validity--the type of validity that exists when an inspection of items used to measure a concept suggests that they are appropriate “on their face” such as a count of the number of drinks people consumed during the past week; content validity--the type of validity that exists when the full range of a concept's meaning is covered by the measure such as the Michigan alcoholism screening test; criterion validity--the type of validity that is established by comparing the scores obtained on the measure being validated to those obtained with more direct measures of the same phenomenon such as a measure of blood-alcohol concentration or a urine test; construct validity--the type of validity that is established by showing that a measure is related to other measures as specified in a theory such as the addiction severity index.
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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. According to former Comptroller General David M. Walker, “Strategic management of human capital should emphasize that people are the key to the success of our government transformation effort. As such, they should be treated more like liabilities instead of assets.” 2. At-will employees enjoy the most protection against termination. 3. The United States federal government has far fewer political appointees serving than most other federal Western democracies. 4. Political appointees are needed to ensure that the permanent bureaucracy faithfully serves the chief executive and adapts to a new administration’s policy priorities.
Which statement best describes the main reasons for increasing costs of the U.S. health-care system?
A. cost of physician services and the SCHIP program B. major investments in medical research, fee hikes by hospitals, and government regulation C. growth in malpractice insurance, expansion of Medicaid, and excessive government involvement D. growing demand for services, high-administrative costs, and unregulated technology
Which of the following statements summarizes major reasons for the growth in government in the past 100 years?
A. As the U.S. territory and role in the world expanded, public attitudes became accepting of government involvement in many facets of life. B. As more and more public officials have been hired through the years, the government has taken on a growing role in many facets of life. C. As the need for government welfare programs has grown, taxes have increased and the government has taken on an expanded role in many facets of life. D. After the Great Depression, many new government programs were created that, today, have grown to enormous sizes, require huge budgets, and employ many federal employees.
Which of the following institutions is not active participate in public policymaking?
a. The Legislature b. The President c. The Judiciary d. The Bureaucracy