Alternative explanations for the results of a study are called
a. complementary explanations.
b. rival hypotheses.
c. hypotheses of interest.
d. research problems.
b
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Turiel (2008) collected observations of children at school in which they violated moral rules or social-conventional rules. Later the same day, he asked each child to explain whether something was a violation or not. A month later the same children were given hypothetical stories involving very similar situations as what had happened at school. In their responses to these stories, children __________.
A. were able to explain moral violations but not violations of social conventions B. were able to explain violations of social conventions but not moral violations C. engaged in more sophisticated reasoning about the hypothetical stories than about the real-life incidents D. were able in both real-life and hypothetical scenarios to reason appropriately about both moral and social-conventional issues
Which finding has been demonstrated in research on integrity tests?
a. Such tests are predictive of job performance and behaviors such as theft or disciplinary problems. b. Both overt and covert integrity tests can be easily faked by motivated or knowledgeable test-takers. c. While covert tests can be easily faked, overt tests are too obvious to fake. d. Such tests are no more predictive of job performance than the flip of a coin.
In explanations of behavior, sociobiologists urge social scientists to avoid ____.
a. biological distractors b. complex factors c. competing principles d. nothing-butism
In the regression discontinuity analysis model, the pretest is adjusted by ____
a. subtracting the cutoff b. multiplying by the reliability estimate c. multiplying by ? d. subtracting zo