List the six components of the chain of infection and describe how they contribute to the development of disease.
What will be an ideal response?
The six components of the disease process are the causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit from the reservoir, mode of transmission of the organism, portal of entry into the host, and susceptible host. The causative agent is the pathogen that causes the disease. The reservoir is where the causative agent lives, grows, reproduces, and thrives. The reservoir can be human, animal, environmental, or fomite. The portal of exit is the way in which the pathogens leave the reservoir. The portal of exit can be blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, or wound drainage. The mode of transmission of the disease is the manner in which the disease is spread. This may be through direct contact, indirect contact, droplet spread, common vehicle, airborne, or vector borne. The portal of entry is the location where the microorganism enters the susceptible host. This can be through the skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, circulatory system, or the placenta. The susceptible host is the person who does not have enough resistance to the infectious agent and contracts the disease.
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The nurse documents the first sign of a pressure ulcer that has not yet progressed to stage 1 when noting which of the following?
1. Nonblanchable reddened area on the coccyx 2. Mushy area on the buttocks that is cool to the touch 3. Wound covered with eschar 4. A blister on the buttocks
The mother of a 5-year-old patient says that she is just mortified by his rude vocabulary since he has started school. The nurse reminds her that the best response to this behavior is to:
1. ignore it. 2. speak to his teacher about it. 3. praise him when he speaks properly. 4. talk about it at the PTA.
Jamie was treated for chancroid. Follow-up testing after treatment of chancroid would be:
1. Syphilis and HIV testing at 3-month intervals 2. Chancroid-specific antigen test every 3 months 3. Urine testing for Haemophilus ducreyi in 3 to 6 months for test of cure 4. Annual HIV testing if engaging in high-risk sexual behavior
Alcohol wipes are needed only when taking a rectal or oral temperature
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.