The need for fluid resuscitation can be assessed best in the trauma patient by monitoring and trending which of the following tests?
a. Arterial oxygen saturation
b. Hourly urine output
c. Mean arterial pressure
d. Serum lactate levels
D
Serum lactate levels are useful in assessing acidosis and the need for aggressive fluid resuscitation. Arterial oxygen saturation provides clinical information on oxygen delivery to cells. Hourly urine output and mean arterial pressure provide information on systemic perfusion and are monitored in the assessment of effective resuscitation; however, serum lactate is a better indicator of metabolic acidosis caused by under-perfusion (under-resuscitation).
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The nurse is observing several patients who are in the activity room of the inpatient psychiatric facility. The nurse notices that one of the patients begins to get upset, raising her voice, pacing the room, and standing with clenched fists
What is the nurse's priority action? 1. Reorient the patient to person, place, and time. 2. Remove other patients from the room to provide more space. 3. Call the health care provider to obtain an order for anti-anxiety medication. 4. Call security and promptly isolate the patient and apply physical restraints.
The patient was an unrestrained front-seat passenger in a motor vehicle crash and struck his forehead on the inside of the windshield. Diagnostic testing in the emergency department reveals coup–contrecoup injury
The nurse identifies which area as the contrecoup injury? 1. The frontal area of the brain 2. The posterior or occipital part of the brain 3. Both the anterior and posterior areas of the brain 4. The midpoint of the brainstem
Which of the following accurately states a guideline for the use of an automated external defibrillator based on the American Heart Association (AHA) 2005 guidelines?
A) Once the AED is available, reassess the patient before using the machine. B) After the initial shock, deliver five cycles of chest compressions/ventilations. C) For alternate shocks, provide sets of one shock alternating with 10 minutes of CPR until the AED indicates a 'no shock indicated' message or until ACLS is available. D) Do not use AEDs on patients under the age of 12.
The Chadwick Report drew attention to which of the following conditions in Great Britain?
a. shortened life span of the working class b. effects of school-based education on the masses c. effects of public health interventions in prevention of disease d. all of the above